The Apartheid

The Key ideology of the Apartheid was prevalent in the South African community of 1948 where white Afrikaners constantly avoided 'black', 'colored' and Asians (primarily consisted of Indians and Pakistanis). However, when this law was officially enforced in 1950, it extended the existing racial segregation, dividing the country cultural sections. The white community had their own facilities separated from the blacks who were forced to live in the ten 'homelands' known as 'Bantustans'.

The leading group in supporting the rights and freedoms of the black Afrikaners was The African National Congress. The African National Congress created the Defiance Campaign which was the beginning of a mass movement of resistance to Apartheid. The Apartheid aimed to separate the different race groups completely through laws like the Population Registration Act, Group areas Act and Bantu Education Act, and through stricter pass laws and forced removals.

During the Apartheid system, the rights and freedoms of the non-white people were denied. The policy of “Resettlement” forced people to move out of their designated group areas in which millions of people had to relocate. The relocation of the non-white people was because of the slum clearance programs which then lead to the isolation of the black-owned farms; being surrounded by all white-farms where they were forced to do harsh labor. The resettlement policy was one of the many policies in the Apartheid system. 
Other policies included:

• Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949) – prohibited marriages between white and non-white people.
  
• Immorality Amendment Act (1950) – prohibited adultery between white and non-white people.
  

• Population Registration Act (1950) – Required every South African to be racially qualified. 
• Group Areas Act (1950) – forced separation between races through the creation of residential areas of each race.
• Suppression of Communism Act (1950) – Outlawed anything that called a radical change in government methods and the community party in South Africa.
• Bantu Buildings Worker Act (1951) – prevented black Africans from performing skilled work except those designated for black occupation.
• Separate Representation of Voters Act (1951) – prevented colored from common voters’ roll.
• Prevention of Illegal Squatting (1951) – Enabled minister of native affairs to displace blacks from public and private owned land and place them in resettlement acts. 
• Native Laws Amendment Act (1952) – limited amount of blacks who could have permanent residence in towns who those have been born and had lived or been employed for no less than fifteen years.
• Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents Act (1952) – forced black people to carry identification at all times.
• Native Labor Act (1953) – prohibited black people to go on strike.
• Bantu Education Act (1953) – prevent black Africans from receiving education that would enable them to work in positions they were not previously allowed upon in previous Apartheid laws.
• Prohibition of Interdicts Act (1956) – denied black people ability to appeal to courts if they were forcefully removed.
• Bantu Investment Corporation Act (1959) – created financial, commercial and industrial schemes in areas designated for the black community.
• Extension of University Education act (1959) – prevented black people from attending white universities.
• Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act (1959) – Classified black people into eight different ethnic groups. Each group had a commissioner general who was appointed to create a homeland.
• Terrorism Act (1967) – creation of BOSS (bureau of state security) which was responsible for internal security of South Africa. Enabled indefinite detention without trial.

• Bantu Homelands Citizen Act (1970) – Removed black South African citizenship and required all black to become a citizen of the homeland designated to his/her ethnic group.